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Apple CEO Tim Cook stepping down, to be replaced by John Ternus
Apple announced late Monday that Tim Cook, the company’s CEO since 2011, is stepping down Sept. 1 to be replaced by current senior vice president of hardware engineering, John Ternus. Cook will become executive chairman of the board.
Cook, who is 65, will continue as CEO until the end of August to assist in the transition, which, Apple said, came after a “thoughtful, long-term succession planning process.”
“It has been the greatest privilege of my life to be the CEO of Apple and to have been trusted to lead such an extraordinary company, Cook said In the announcement about the changes. “I love Apple with all of my being, and I am so grateful to have had the opportunity to work with a team of such ingenious, innovative, creative, and deeply caring people who have been unwavering in their dedication to enriching the lives of our customers and creating the best products and services in the world.”
John Ternus will succeed Tim Cook as Apple CEO in September.
Apple
He also sang his successor’s praises: “John Ternus has the mind of an engineer, the soul of an innovator, and the heart to lead with integrity and with honor. He is a visionary whose contributions to Apple over 25 years are already too numerous to count, and he is without question the right person to lead Apple into the future. I could not be more confident in his abilities and his character, and I look forward to working closely with him on this transition and in my new role as executive chairman.”
Current board non-executive chairman Arthur Levinson, who has held the post for 15 years, will become Apple’s lead independent director on Sept. 1. When he assumes his new role, Ternus will join the board.
Apple also announced that Ternus’s job will be filled by Johny Srouji, effective immediately.
“Johny is one of the most talented people I have ever had the privilege to work with,” Cook said about that change. “He has played a singular role in driving Apple’s silicon strategy, and his influence has been felt deeply not just inside the company, but across the industry. He has always led his organization with remarkable deftness and judgment, and time and again, his team has delivered breakthrough innovations that have transformed our products. We are incredibly fortunate to have him as Apple’s chief hardware officer.”
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Printed Neurons That Mimic Brain Cells Could Slash AI’s Energy Bill
New artificial neurons fire so realistically they can activate living brain cells in mouse tissue.
As AI demands ever more power, researchers are looking to the brain for more efficient ways to process information. A new approach uses soft, flexible electronics to create artificial neurons that can mimic biological signaling and even directly interface with living neural tissue.
Researchers have long attempted to create so-called “neuromorphic” chips made of artificial neurons that mimic the spiking behavior of their biological counterparts. But there are still wide gaps between how these devices and brains operate.
Real neurons in the brain display a wide variety of activity patterns, which helps them encode and process information extremely efficiently. In contrast, most artificial neurons are carbon copies of each other with highly uniform spiking behavior, forcing neuromorphic chips to use millions of these neurons to achieve even modest functionality.
Now, a team from Northwestern University has designed a novel fabrication technique to create artificial neurons that mimic the complex signaling patterns found in the brain. The neurons’ output was so realistic that they successfully stimulated neurons in mouse brain tissue. More importantly, the approach could lay the groundwork for much more energy efficient AI.
“Silicon achieves complexity by having billions of identical devices,” Mark Hersam, who co-led the research, said in a press release. “Everything is the same, rigid and fixed once it’s fabricated. The brain is the opposite. It’s heterogeneous, dynamic and three-dimensional. To move in that direction, we need new materials and new ways to build electronics.”
The team created their artificial neurons, described in a paper in Nature Nanotechnology, by jet printing special electronic ink onto a flexible polymer. The ink contains nanoscale flakes of molybdenum disulfide, which acts as a semiconductor, and graphene, which serves as an electrical conductor.
The ink also contains a stabilizing polymer researchers typically burn off after printing to prevent it from interfering with the flow of current. But the researchers discovered that by leaving some of it behind, they could introduce imperfections that result in far more sophisticated signaling behavior.
Rather than completely burning the material away, they partially decomposed it. Then when they passed a current through the printed neurons, the polymer broke down further, but in an uneven pattern that created a conductive thread where current gets squeezed into a tight channel.
This constricted pathway rapidly switches on and off, firing sharp voltage spikes that look a lot like the spikes found in real neurons. The device doesn’t just produce simple on-off pulses, but everything from isolated spikes to sustained firing to rhythmic bursts, much like a real neuron.
With just two of these printable neurons and some basic circuit components, the researchers produced sophisticated spiking patterns. And crucially, they were able to tune the length and frequency of spikes to match the timing of biological action potentials, which could be useful for applications like bioelectronic medicine or brain-computer interfaces.
To test whether they could go beyond simply matching the numbers, the team worked with Northwestern neurobiology professor, Indira Raman, to hook up their artificial neurons to slices of mouse cerebellum and fire spikes into the tissue. The biological neurons fired in response, showing the synthetic signals were convincing enough to activate real neural circuits.
“You can see the living neurons respond to our artificial neuron,” said Hersam. “So, we’ve demonstrated signals that are not only the right timescale but also the right spike shape to interact directly with living neurons.”
While those capabilities could lead to some interesting applications, the researchers’ mainly hope the technology can reduce AI’s energy bill by mimicking the brain’s more efficient processing.
“To meet the energy demands of AI, tech companies are building gigawatt data centers powered by dedicated nuclear power plants,” Hersam said. This can only scale so far, in terms of power and cooling, he said. “However you look at it, we need to come up with more energy-efficient hardware for AI.”
Given the long, tortuous path from lab bench to factory floor, it seems unlikely this technology will be making a dent in the industry’s power bill any time soon. But it could lay the groundwork for a smarter way to do computation in the future.
The post Printed Neurons That Mimic Brain Cells Could Slash AI’s Energy Bill appeared first on SingularityHub.
iPhone dnes vypadá jinak. Během posledních let z něj zmizela spousta výbavy i funkcí
Global RAM shortage appears set to continue through 2027
The ongoing shortage of memory chips looks likely to continue throughout the year as demand from the AI sector surges. According to Nikkei Asia, leading manufacturers are expected to be able to meet only about 60% of global demand despite expansion plans.
Although new factories are on the way, several of them are not expected to reach full production until 2027 at the earliest. Even once those facilities are up and running, additional time will be required to scale up to efficient production levels.
An annual production increase of around 12% would be needed to catch up with demand, analysts said, though current plans are significantly lower. The balance between supply and demand for memory is not expected to normalize until 2028.
Because of the shortage, memory prices have risen by approximately 90% during the first quarter of 2026.
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