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And it would seriously inconvenience the Chinese and Russians, too

RSAC  There's a way to vastly reduce the scale and scope of ransomware attacks plaguing critical infrastructure, according to CISA director Jen Easterly: Make software secure by design.…

The CHIPS and Science Act provides $52.7 billion for American semiconductor research, development, manufacturing, and workforce development. The Act’ provides $39 billion in manufacturing incentives, including $2 billion for the legacy chips used in automobiles and defense systems; $13.2 billion in R&D and workforce development; and $500 million for international information communications technology security and semiconductor supply chain activities.

That R&D money includes $11 billion in funding to advance four programs: the National Semiconductor Technology Center (NSTC); the National Advanced Packaging Manufacturing Program (NAPMP); the CHIPS Metrology Program; and the CHIPS Manufacturing USA Institute. The Act also provides a 25% investment tax credit for capital expenses for manufacturing of semiconductors and related equipment.

The CHIPS Act’s purpose was to strengthen American supply chain resilience after problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and to counter China’s rising share of the market. The US share of global semiconductor fabrication capacity has fallen from about 36% in 1990 to about 10% in 2020, according to a Congressional Research Service report. Meanwhile, China’s share of chip manufacturing has grown nearly 50% over the past two years and now comprises about 18% of the world’s supply.

In 2023, the Department of Commerce, which is administering the CHIPS Act, spent months negotiating with semiconductor designers and fabricators to gain commitments from the companies and to achieve specific milestones in their projects before getting government payouts. For example, negotiations between the federal government and TSMC resulted in the Taiwanese semiconductor designer and manufacturer being promised $6.6 billion in CHIPS Act funding; in return, the company pledged to bring its most advanced 2nm process technology to US shores and added plans for a third fabrication plant to its Arizona site.

The White House has argued that CHIPS Act spending will grow America’s share of the world’s leading-edge chip market to 20% by 2030. But industry experts say more government incentives will be needed to sustain and continue that growth domestically.

According to Mario Morales, a group vice president at IDC, the current CHIPS Act is just the start; he expects the Biden Administration to champion a second CHIPS Act that will spend even more money and likely be approved sometime around 2026 or 2027. There may also be a third CHIPS Act after that, Morales said.

The current CHIPS Act was passed by Congress and signed into law by US President Joseph R. Biden Jr. on Aug. 9, 2022.

Since December 2023, the Commerce Department has allocated about $29 billion in funding among chipmakers, including Samsung, TSMC and Intel. In return, various chip designers and makers have pledged about $300 billion in current and future projects in the US, according to the White House.

Here’s a timeline of where the money is going, with the most recent allocations listed first:

April 2024

Micron, which plans to build two new fabrication plants in upstate New York and another in Boise, Idaho – where its headquarters is located, got $6.14 billion in funding.

Samsung got $6.4 billion to build leading-edge logic, R&D, and advanced packaging fabs in Taylor, TX, and to expand a current-generation and mature-node facility in Austin, TX.

TSMC got $6.6 billion to support the development of three greenfield leading-edge fabs in Phoenix, AZ.

March 2024

Intel was awarded $8.5 billion in funding, the most of any CHIPS Act allocations to date. Intel expects to use the money to advance its commercial semiconductor projects in Arizona, New Mexico, Ohio and Oregon. The company also said the funds would create more than 10,000 company jobs and nearly 20,000 construction jobs, and would support more than 50,000 indirect jobs with suppliers and supporting industries.

February 2024

NSTC in Albany, NY was promised more than $5 billion in funding. The NSTC is a public-private partnership that will perform research on next-generation semiconductor technologies by supporting the design, prototyping, and piloting of the latest semiconductor technologies.

GlobalFoundries, in Malta, N.Y. and Essex Junction, VT. (GF) is expected to receive about $1.5 billion to help them expand and create new manufacturing capacity and capabilities for automotive, IoT, aerospace, defense, and other markets. GF’s chips are used in everything from blind spot detection and collision warnings in cars, to smartphones and electric vehicles that last longer between charges, to secure and reliable Wi-Fi and cellular connections.

January 2024

Microchip Technology Inc. got $162 million to increase its production of microcontroller units and other specialty semiconductors, and to support the modernization and expansion of fabrication facilities in Colorado Springs, CO, and Gresham, OR.

December 2023

The first of the CHIPS Act allocations, about $35 million, went to BAE Systems Inc., a federal government contractor. BAE was expected to use the money to help modernize an aging Nashua, NH facility and help quadruple the company’s production capacity for chips used in F-35 fighter jets.

CPUs and Processors, Government, Manufacturing Industry

Každý, kdo se kdy setkal s astronomií, si jistě všiml, že galaxie jsou sice velmi pestré, ale současně se vyskytují jen v několika základních typech tvarů. Dnes se rozlišují v podstatě čtyři – spirální galaxie, spirální galaxie s příčkou, eliptické galaxie a nepravidelné galaxie. Spirální galaxie ...

Permissions in SaaS platforms like Salesforce, Workday, and Microsoft 365 are remarkably precise. They spell out exactly which users have access to which data sets. The terminology differs between apps, but each user’s base permission is determined by their role, while additional permissions may be granted based on tasks or projects they are involved with. Layered on top of

Permissions in SaaS platforms like Salesforce, Workday, and Microsoft 365 are remarkably precise. They spell out exactly which users have access to which data sets. The terminology differs between apps, but each user’s base permission is determined by their role, while additional permissions may be granted based on tasks or projects they are involved with. Layered on top of The Hacker Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]

Researchers have discovered two novel attack methods targeting high-performance Intel CPUs that could be exploited to stage a key recovery attack against the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. The techniques have been collectively dubbed Pathfinder by a group of academics from the University of California San Diego, Purdue University, UNC Chapel

Researchers have discovered two novel attack methods targeting high-performance Intel CPUs that could be exploited to stage a key recovery attack against the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. The techniques have been collectively dubbed Pathfinder by a group of academics from the University of California San Diego, Purdue University, UNC ChapelNewsroomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]

Nearly 95M people in total snagged by flaw in file transfer tool

Just short of a year after the initial incident, the state of Georgia's higher education government agency has confirmed that it was the victim of an attack on its systems affecting the data of 800,000 people.…

Deskové hry nejsou jen pro nerdy, zvládnou zabavit celou rodinu. V našem výběru najdete tituly se silnou licencí, příběhovky, karetní hry, ale také třeba i gamebook nebo detektivku.

The recent discovery of a backdoor in XZ Utils , a widely used Linux tool, raises concerns about the security of the open-source ecosystem. While the open-source community successfully reacted to remove the malware , this event highlights the presence of spies within their midst and the need for stricter security measures.

Prohlížeč Arc 1.0 pro Windows vyšel a nevyžaduje pozvánku •Navigaci přesouvá na stranu a karty kombinuje se záložkami •Kód je napsaný v jablečném Swiftu, do Windows ale Arc zapadne

A web browser is almost certainly the most popular application on a Windows PCs. And while there’s a lot of competition, all the big browsers — Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, and even Brave — have similar interfaces. Arc is a brand-new browser that thinks it can transform how you use the web, delivering a browsing experience that boosts your productivity while minimizing the tedious tab opening-and-closing we all do every day.

I had access to Arc for Windows for months during its waitlist-only, pre-release period before its official stable launch last week. It’s a compelling web browser, although it requires you transform how you think about your browsing experience.

Whether you want to do that is up to you — but there are serious potential productivity boosts if you do.

Want to stay up to date on all the best PC productivity tips? Check out my free Windows Intelligence newsletter — three things to try every Friday. Plus, get free copies of Paul Thurrott’s Windows 11 and Windows 10 Field Guides (a $10 value) for signing up.

What is the Arc browser?

Arc is a free web browser that’s currently available for Windows 11, macOS, and iPhone. A Windows 10 version is on the way, and so is an Android app. It’s developed by The Browser Company, a startup located in New York.

The Browser Company launched Arc for Windows publicly at the end of April. (The Mac version publicly launched in July 2023.)

Under the hood, the rendering engine is based on the same Chromium browser engine that underlies Chrome, Edge, Brave, and basically every browser that isn’t Firefox (or Apple’s Safari) these days. Websites you visit should work just as well as they do in Chrome. And it supports all the browser extensions Google Chrome supports — you can install extensions from the Chrome Web Store right in Arc.

But Arc is all about the interface — it offers a totally different way of dealing with tabs, bookmarks, profiles, and all the usual browser things we interact with every day as we’re going about our business chores.

Arc’s user interface takes some getting used to, but it can boost your productivity.

Chris Hoffman, IDG

Are today’s web browsers stuck in the past?

Clearly, browser innovation has slowed. Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Brave, even Safari: Sit down in front of any of them, and you’ll see the same basic setup. Arc brings some overdue new ideas to the competition.

It feels like the last big innovation was Google Chrome launching a multi-process browser in 2008. (Though don’t forget the transformative change Firefox brought when it delivered tabbed browsing to the masses in 2004.) The web has changed a lot in the last 16 years. So, why haven’t browsers launched that rethink how we use the web in a big way to keep up with our evolving work and productivity habits?

That’s the idea behind Arc. It’s not just a new browser with a few unique features. It has some powerful ideas about how you use the web and how that can be different and better — how everything from your workday tasks to your personal browsing can be faster, more productive, and generally just better.

The Browser Company is also working on bringing a variety of AI features to the Arc experience as part of Arc Max. None of these AI features is available in the Windows version yet — they’re experimental and being tested in the Mac version. (Everyone’s adding AI features to everything — have you seen all the AI features Microsoft has already added to Windows 11?)

Why Arc is exciting and different

Arc does a lot of things differently. First and foremost: Arc totally transforms your relationship with tabs — and bookmarks, too.

Arc doesn’t have a tab bar at the top of its window. Instead, it has a tab sidebar. But this isn’t the usual tab sidebar you’ll see as an option in web browsers like Edge.

For one thing, Arc doesn’t want you to have to manage tabs: Arc automatically “archives” tabs after 12 hours, although this is just the default setting and you can change it to a different time period, like 30 days, if you’d rather. You likely open and close a lot of tabs throughout the work day moving from task to task (and yes even doing some personal browsing); Arc wants to free you from the drudgery of managing all of that.

(You can still see a list of those “Archived” tabs behind a button at the bottom of the tab sidebar, if you need them. And you can close tabs manually if you want, too.)

But what about tabs you use frequently? Arc combines them with bookmarks in a way that’s very similar to the “pinned tabs” available in other modern rivals. At the top of your tab sidebar, you’ll see any tabs you’ve chosen to pin: Just drag a tab to the top area of the sidebar to stick it there.

Those pinned tabs function as a combined bookmark-plus-open-tab. Just click one to access it. Crucially, Arc deals with these pinned tabs a lot like modern mobile operating systems (Android and iOS) deal with apps. You don’t have to care whether a tab is “open” or not. Either way, you click the website’s name in the sidebar — if the web page isn’t loaded, Arc will quickly load it. You don’t have to think about it. And you can organize the tabs into folders if you prefer.

Also, when you use Arc’s New Tab dialog (Ctrl+T) to access a website, Arc will search for open tabs and switch to them if one is already open. In fact, the Ctrl+T (New Tab) experience is more like a search window — it’s called the Command Bar. Use it and Arc will open a new tab, if necessary, but it will also look for tabs you have open that match your search, preventing you from opening multiple copies of the same tab.

Arc’s Command Bar ensures you aren’t repeatedly opening the same web page in different tabs.

Chris Hoffman, IDG

Arc transforms how you think about tabs

We’re all so stuck in the way traditional web browsers work that it’s hard to see how this is different. Think about it this way:

Let’s say you’re using Google Chrome and you use Gmail a lot. You have a Gmail bookmark on Chrome’s New Tab bar. Now, you want to access Gmail. So you open Chrome and click the Gmail bookmark. Now you have a Gmail tab open in a separate place.

Later, when you switch to Chrome again, you have to wonder where that Gmail tab went. It can move around as you rearrange tabs. Or, you might have closed that Gmail tab. Perhaps you need to open a new Gmail tab. But, if you click the Gmail bookmark and you already have a Gmail tab open, you now have two Gmail tabs open. And, if you then press Ctrl+T and type gmail.com to visit Gmail, Chrome will open a third Gmail tab. What a mess — and what a drag on your productivity.

Here’s how it works in Arc: When you launch or switch to Arc, you’ll see your “pinned” important sites at the top of the sidebar. If you’ve put Gmail there, that’s where Gmail is. Just click it to access Gmail.

Later, when you switch back to Arc, you’ll just click Gmail in the sidebar. That Gmail entry in the sidebar is a combined bookmark-plus-tab. You don’t have to hunt down your Gmail tab, and there’s no risk of opening a second Gmail tab. If you press Ctrl+T in Arc and type “Gmail” or “gmail.com” to head to Gmail, Arc will take you to that already-open Gmail tab — not open yet another separate tab.

It’s hard to wrap your head around it until you actually use it, but hopefully this example shows the productivity promise of Arc’s way of doing things. (Luckily, you can use Arc right now and see how it works — if you have a Windows 11 PC.)

Arc’s settings are streamlined, but you have access to the full Settings experience you’ll find in Google Chrome under the hood.

Chris Hoffman, IDG

Split-screen tabs, spaces to organize tabs, and favorite tabs

Arc does other things differently from the better-known browsers we’ve been using for years, too. It has a split-view feature built in so you can see two web pages open side by side. Better yet, those split views can be saved as a pinned tab in your sidebar. So, if you often use two particular websites side by side, you can pull them up in that side-by-side configuration with a single click from the sidebar. This can obviously be a big productivity boost. The alternative with another modern web browser would be juggling multiple web browser windows and setting things up with Snap each time you want to see the web pages side by side.

This web browser also offers multiple “spaces” in its sidebar. You could have one space for work tasks and one for personal tasks. Or, you could have multiple spaces for different projects at work. It’s a fascinating way of organizing your open tabs by project — not just organizing bookmarks into folders by project, like you might in the web browser you’re using now. You can also assign different browser profiles — with their own cookies, history, and other settings — to different spaces. People often use separate browsing profiles for work and personal browsing; Arc offers a whole different way of juggling multiple browser profiles and switching between them.

Arc also has the concept of “favorite” tabs, which appear at the top of your pinned sites in icon form. They are shared across all your open “spaces.” So, if you want one-click access to a specific website — like Gmail, for example — no matter what “space” you’re actively using in Arc’s sidebar, you can set Arc up for that. Just drag and drop a tab to the icons at the very top of the sidebar.

The sync feature built into Arc is called “sidebar sync.” Arc can sync the layout of your sidebar between your Arc browser on various PCs, which is the critical thing in how you’ve set up this browser.

What about privacy? How does Arc make money?

One thing that will be off-putting about Arc is that it requires an account to use. While Chrome, Firefox, and Edge make the account optional, you won’t be using Arc unless you’re willing to sign in.

That could rub some people the wrong way from a privacy perspective. In its privacy policy, The Browser Company does promise that it doesn’t know which websites you visit, doesn’t see what you type, and doesn’t sell your data to third parties.

The Browser Company is a startup right now, and it doesn’t seem to be focused on the “making money” part just yet. Arc’s FAQ promises that the company will never sell user data or have an advertising-based business. And while the company might one day pursue a “freemium” strategy where it charges a subscription fee for extra features or perhaps offers business-aimed team plans — that’s all up in the air. Perhaps Arc Max, with its AI features, will be a valuable and profitable optional subscription.

In the meantime, the privacy policy says all the right things.

Arc helps you use web pages in split screen mode without juggling multiple windows.

Chris Hoffman, IDG

Is Arc better than Chrome, Edge, and Firefox?

Arc is very different. If you decide to install Arc in the middle of a workday for a productivity boost, you’re probably going to be shocked: You won’t immediately be as fast in Arc as you are using Google Chrome or any other browser. You’ll have to spend time learning how Arc works and organizing the websites you frequently use; the advantages only appear once you understand its way of doing things. Install Arc when you have some time to experiment with it.

Using Arc properly requires a little rewiring of your brain: You have to rethink how you use a web browser. PCWorld’s Mark Hachman wasn’t particularly impressed, and I expect he won’t be alone.

Is all this change worth it? Is Arc the best web browser now? There are absolutely a lot of rewards here; Arc has been popular on Macs for a reason. But it’s also been called a “power-user browser” for a reason. The average person who’s comfortable with their current set-up may not want to relearn how to use a web browser. That’s understandable. Even a lot of power-users may be perfectly happy with their current browser routine.

On the other hand, if you use the web all day for work, if you’re constantly juggling piles of tabs and rearranging your browsing windows for optimal split-screen browsing, and if you’re the kind of computer user who’s all about playing with power-user tools to boost your productivity on the job or at home, Arc might be just the ticket. I’ve invested some serious hours in it, and I really like it.

Decide for yourself: You should download Arc and try it out. Maybe it’ll be your new favorite.

Even if Arc succeeds, it’s possible The Browsing Company will carve out a niche user base of productivity-obsessed browsing geeks and professionals while browsers like Chrome and Edge hold on to the mass market. That’s not so bad — and maybe those big “mainstream” browser will learn a few tricks from Arc, too.

After trying Arc, the future of browsers once again feels exciting.

Get even more Windows insights, tips, and tricks with my free Windows Intelligence newsletter, which brings you three things to try every Friday. Plus, get free copies of Paul Thurrott’s Windows 11 and Windows 10 Field Guides (a $10 value) for signing up.

Browsers, Productivity Software, Windows

China vehemently denies involvement

UK Government has confirmed a cyberattack on the payroll system used by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) led to "malign" forces accessing data on current and a limited number of former armed forces personnel.…

Byla vydána verze R14.1.2 desktopového prostředí Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE, fork KDE 3.5). Přehled novinek v poznámkách k vydání, podrobnosti v seznamu změn.

״Defenders think in lists, attackers think in graphs,” said John Lambert from Microsoft, distilling the fundamental difference in mindset between those who defend IT systems and those who try to compromise them. The traditional approach for defenders is to list security gaps directly related to their assets in the network and eliminate as many as possible, starting with the most critical.

A newer version of a malware loader called Hijack Loader has been observed incorporating an updated set of anti-analysis techniques to fly under the radar. "These enhancements aim to increase the malware's stealthiness, thereby remaining undetected for longer periods of time," Zscaler ThreatLabz researcher Muhammed Irfan V A said in a technical report. "Hijack

״Defenders think in lists, attackers think in graphs,” said John Lambert from Microsoft, distilling the fundamental difference in mindset between those who defend IT systems and those who try to compromise them. The traditional approach for defenders is to list security gaps directly related to their assets in the network and eliminate as many as possible, starting with the most critical. The Hacker Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]

A newer version of a malware loader called Hijack Loader has been observed incorporating an updated set of anti-analysis techniques to fly under the radar. "These enhancements aim to increase the malware's stealthiness, thereby remaining undetected for longer periods of time," Zscaler ThreatLabz researcher Muhammed Irfan V A said in a technical report. "Hijack Newsroomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]

Google’s dominance in the search arena has given rise to two major antitrust lawsuits from the U.S. government, which allege that the company has manipulated the market to maintain that dominance, to the exclusion of its competitors and the detriment of the public at large.

The first lawsuit, targeting Google’s search business, kicked off in mid-September 2023, and is now drawing to a close with the delivery of closing arguments, while a second trial against the tech giant, focusing on advertising, is scheduled for later this year.

The cases heavily echo the turn-of-the-century Microsoft antitrust case in several respects, not least of which is the fact that Google faces the possibility of being broken up by regulators if it is unsuccessful in its legal battles.

Here’s our condensed timeline of the two lawsuits, and their progress through the court system.

May 3, 2024: Over two days of closing arguments, the Department of Justice revisited its case for Google having a monopoly on search advertising, and Judge Mehta quizzed both parties about whether other platforms could be viewed as substitutes for Google’s search advertising business. He hasn’t said how long he expects to take to reach a decision, but if he rules against Google, a second hearing will take place to decide on any remedies.

November 16, 2023: The evidentiary phase of the trial finishes, as Judge Mehta issues instructions for post-trial submissions. Despite considerable amounts of redaction and closed-door testimony, the case revealed some unprecedented details about the relationships between the largest tech companies in the world, including the fact that Apple apparently keeps 36% of the search revenue from Google searches in Safari, and Apple once considered buying Microsoft’s Bing search engine as leverage against Google. Judge Mehta has scheduled closing arguments in the case for May 1, 2024.

October 31, 2023: Google CEO Sundai Pichai takes the stand, for long-awaited testimony about the relationship between his company and Apple. He gave some details about Google’s negotiations with Apple over a contract that made Google the default search engine on Apple’s iPhones, iPads, and Macs. Google has paid billions for the privilege of being the default search on Apple products, and the relationship is a key part of the case – which was underlined by the Justice Department’s cross-examination of Pichai, during which he admitted that default search status is a major driver of market share.

October 18, 2023: Google begins its defense, calling Paul Nayak, a vice president of search, to the stand as its first witness. Nayak downplays the importance of scale in his testimony, stressing that machine intelligence, compute infrastructure, and a team of 16,000 staff that checks on search results are crucial to maintaining quality of service. DOJ witnesses including DuckDuckGo CEO Gabriel Weinberg and Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella had testified that Google keeps an edge over competitors via an ever-increasing trove of data — the result of its default search engine status, maintained through exclusive contracts and billions of dollars in payments to Apple, Samsung and other companies. This data gives Google an advantage in refining search engine results, they said. 

October 3, 2023: As a witness for the prosecution in the Google antitrust trial, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella warns that Google’s monopoly profits could lock in publishers as AI-enabled search arrives. Nadella argued that it’s almost impossible to compete with Google, given the search leader’s massive competitive edge in collecting and analyzing user data. He also warned that Google, with its vast profits and lock on the search market, stands poised to extend its monopoly power in a new era where artificial intelligence technologies will turbocharge the search business.

September 26, 2023: Apple’s Eddy Cue testifies behind closed doors in the Google search case, as critics slam presiding Judge Amit Mehta’s decision to hold much of the trial’s testimony from witnesses secret, allow documents to be heavily redacted, and block some documents from public view — mainly at the insistence of Google, but also at the request of other companies, including Apple. By the end of Cue’s testimony — and after a wek of wrangling by all parties — Judge Mehta rules that documents used during the trial can be published online at the end of each day, but still allows time Google and third parties to object to exhibits being shown publicly before the DOJ presents them in court. 

September 21, 2023: Judge Mehta rules that public access to court exhibits, which have been mostly internal Google documents thus far, should be removed, after Google challenged the Justice Department’s regular publication of them. The company said that it was concerned for its employees’ privacy.

September 12, 2023: The default search trial begins with opening statements, and the government begins its case.

August 2023: Judge Mehta grants partial summary judgment for Google in the search case, saying that the government had failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact on antitrust charges relating to contracts around the use of the Android operating system, as well as Google Assistant and IoT devices. The claims relating to Google’s exclusive “default search” contracts, however, are allowed to proceed to trial.

July/August 2023: Google and the plaintiffs in the search case argue various motions in limine, designed to control what evidence should be included or excluded in the actual trial. Discovery and motion practice over evidence continues in the advertising case.

June 2023: Judge Mehta schedules a trial date of September 12, 2023 for the search case.

April 2023: Judge Leonie M. Brinkema denies Google’s motion to dismiss in the advertising case.

March 2023: Google’s motion to transfer the advertising case to New York is denied by Judge Brinkema, who orders the parties to propose discovery schedules within two weeks of the order. Two weeks later, Google moves to dismiss the case for failure to state a claim, arguing that the plaintiffs have simply produced legal conclusions, and not specific facts, that could support their claims. Judge Brinkema schedules pre-trial conferences for January 2024.

February 2023: The plaintiffs in the default search case case move for sanctions against Google, accusing it of spoliation, which refers to the destruction, alteration or failure to preserve relevant evidence in a case. Elsewhere, in the advertising case, Google moves to transfer the case from the Eastern District of Virginia to the Southern District of New York, which is seen as an attempt to consolidate the case with related digital advertising antitrust litigation.

January 2023: A second antitrust action, this one filed by eight states and the DoJ, is filed in federal district court in eastern Virginia. The plaintiffs, who call for Google’s advertising business to be split up, accuse Google of manipulating its dominant position in the online advertising world to squeeze out rivals and control both the supply and demand side of the advertising market. Google, according to the complaint, thwarted fair competition by manipulating fees, punished advertisers for using alternative platforms and ad exchanges, and engaged in a host of further anti-competitive behavior in the interest of monopolizing the marketplace.

December 2022: Google moves for summary judgment against the separate Colorado case and the larger, DoJ-led case. A summary judgement motion is essentially a request by one of the parties in a lawsuit that the judge rule in their favor and end the case, arguing that, based on the undisputed facts, they are entitled to win the case as a matter of law.

May 2022: A deadline of June 17 is set for the production of all discovery materials. Further documents – for example, those whose is existence is first disclosed in late in the discovery window – can be produced until June 30.

May 2022: Judge Mehta denies a government motion to sanction Google for inaccurately classifying documents as attorney-client privileged. The plaintiffs had argued that emails on which Google’s lawyers were listed as recipients or CCed, but that the lawyers never responded to, constituted a misuse of the attorney-client privilege rules.

December 2021: Judge Mehta conditionally splits Colorado’s claims from the case at large, ordering that separate trials on that state’s issues of liability and remedies will be “more convenient for the Court and the Parties, and will expedite and economize this litigation.”

August-October 2021: Discovery-related motions and orders continue, as Yelp and Samsung join the fray. (Those companies, like Microsoft and Apple, are relevant to the case even if they aren’t parties themselves, as their internal records are potentially relevant to Google’s liability.)

June/July 2021: The discovery process continues, and the U.S. and Google both file several documents with the court under seal. (Microsoft files two sealed documents, as well, in response to Google’s subpoenas for company records, and Apple becomes involved after the government requests access to some of its internal information.)

March 2021: Meetings between Google and the various governmental plaintiffs continue, with periodic status reports on the discovery process.

January 2021: Google files a response to the complaint, admitting to many of the facts alleged by the Justice Department and associated attorneys general, but categorically denying the substance of the government’s claims of illegality. Further responses to separate but related claims, generally to specific state attorneys general, follow in the subsequent weeks and months.

December 2020: Judge Amit Mehta approves the joinder of Michigan, Wisconsin and California to the suit.

October 2020: The Department of Justice, along with the attorneys general of 11 states, sues Google in DC federal district court for unlawfully maintaining a monopoly, in violation of Section 2 of the Sherman Act. The case centers on Google’s use of exclusive contracts that mandate its use as the default search engine in a host of different hardware and software applications, with the government alleging that this represents an artificial constraint on any possible competition for the search giant.

Google, Internet, Legal, Technology Industry

Temná turistika vyhledává místa spojená se smrtí či utrpením • Vybrali jsme třínáct děsivých míst přírodních a technických katastrof • Připomínají události, které změnily náš svět