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Microsoft announced it will expand the list of blocked attachments in Outlook Web and the new Outlook for Windows starting next month. [...]

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is warning that it suffered a data breach after a threat actor downloaded 300,000 crash records from its database. [...]

In a twist on typical hiring-related social engineering attacks, the FIN6 hacking group impersonates job seekers to target recruiters, using convincing resumes and phishing sites to deliver malware. [...]

Ivanti has released security updates to fix three high-severity hardcoded key vulnerabilities in the company's Workspace Control (IWC) solution. [...]

Heroku is suffering a widespread outage that has lasted over six hours, preventing developers from logging into the platform and breaking website functionality. [...]

The launch of a major Windows 10 update isn’t the end of a process — it’s really just the beginning. As soon as one of Microsoft’s feature updates (such as Windows 10 version 22H2) is released, the company quickly gets to work on improving it by fixing bugs, releasing security patches, and occasionally adding new features.

In this story we summarize what you need to know about each update released to the public for the most recent versions of Windows 10 — versions 22H2 and 21H2. (Microsoft releases updates for those two versions together.) For each build, we’ve included the date of its initial release and a link to Microsoft’s announcement about it. The most recent updates appear first.

For details about how to install and manage Windows updates, see “How to handle Windows 10 and 11 updates.” If you’re looking for information about Insider Program previews for upcoming feature releases of Windows 10, see “Windows 10 Insider Previews: A guide to the builds.”

Updates to Windows 10 versions 21H2 and 22H2 KB5060533 (OS Builds 19044.5965 and 19045.5065)

Release date: June 10, 2025

The update has a wide variety of security updates. For details, see Microsoft’s Security Update Guide and June 2025 Security Updates.

Note: In this build there are reports of blurry or unclear CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) text when displayed at 96 DPI (100% scaling) in Chromium-based browsers such as Microsoft Edge and Google Chrome. The issue is due to limited pixel density at 96 DPI, which can reduce the clarity and alignment of CJK characters. Increasing the display scaling improves clarity by enhancing text rendering.

What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.

(Get more info about KB5060533.)

KB5058481 (OS Build 19045.5917) Preview

Release date: May 28, 2025

This build offers several new features, including one that brings back the clock view that displays seconds on the calendar. It also fixes several bugs, including one in which in GDI/GDI+, some GB18030-2022 characters in plane 2 were not rendered.

There is one known issue in this build, in which blurry or unclear CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) text appears when displayed at 96 DPI (100% scaling) in Chromium-based browsers such as Microsoft Edge and Google Chrome. 

(Get more info about KB5058481 Preview.)

KB5061979 (OS Builds 19044.5859 and 19045.5859)

Release date: May 27, 2025

This out-of-band update fixes a bug in the direct send path for a guest physical address (GPA). This issue caused confidential virtual machines running on Hyper-V with Windows Server 2022 to intermittently stop responding or restart unexpectedly. As a result, service availability was affected, and manual intervention was required. This problem primarily impacted Azure confidential VMs.

There is one known issue in this build, in which blurry or unclear CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) text appears when displayed at 96 DPI (100% scaling) in Chromium-based browsers such as Microsoft Edge and Google Chrome. 

(Get more info about KB5061979.)

KB5061768 (OS Builds 19044.5856 and 19045.5856)

Release date: May 19, 2025

This out-of-band build fixes a bug in the recent May 13 Patch Tuesday build (KB5058379) that caused the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) process to terminate unexpectedly, triggering an Automatic Repair prompting for the BitLocker recovery key.

There is one known issue in this build, in which blurry or unclear CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) text appears when displayed at 96 DPI (100% scaling) in Chromium-based browsers such as Microsoft Edge and Google Chrome. 

(Get more info about KB5061768.)

KB5058379 (OS Builds 19044.5854 and 19045.5854)

Release date: May 13, 2025

The update improves Secure Boot Advanced Targeting (SBAT) and Linux Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) for the detection of Linux systems. It also has a wide variety of security updates. For details, see Microsoft’s Security Update Guide and May 2025 Security Updates.

What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.

(Get more info about KB5058379.)

KB5055612 (OS Build 19045.5796) Preview

Release date: April 22, 2025

This build fixes two bugs, including one in which the check for GPU paravirtualization was case-sensitive in Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 (WSL2). This issue might have potentially caused GPU paravirtualization support to fail.

There are two known issues in this build, including one in which certain Citrix components installed might be unable to complete installation of the January 2025 Windows security update. This issue was observed on devices with Citrix Session Recording Agent (SRA) version 2411.

(Get more info about KB5055612 Preview.)

KB5055518 (OS Builds 19044.5737 and 19045.5737)

Release date: April 8, 2025

The update has a broad variety of security updates. For details, see Microsoft’s Security Update Guide and April 2025 Security Updates. 

What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.

There are two known issues in this build including one in which devices that have certain Citrix components installed might be unable to complete installation of the January 2025 Windows security update.

(Get more info about KB5055518.)

KB5053643 (OS Build 19045.5679) Preview

Release date: March 25, 2025

This build fixes several bugs, including one in which USB-connected dual-mode printers that support both US Print and IPP Over USB protocols unexpectedly output incorrect or unwanted text, and another in which thumbnails in File Explorer crashed, resulting in white pages appearing instead of the actual thumbnails.

There are two known issues in this build, including one in which certain Citrix components installed might be unable to complete installation of the January 2025 Windows security update. This issue was observed on devices with Citrix Session Recording Agent (SRA) version 2411.

(Get more info about KB5053643 Preview.)

KB5053606 (OS Builds 19044.5608 and 19045.5608)

Release date: March 11, 2025

The update has a wide variety of security updates. For details, see Microsoft’s Security Update Guide and March 2025 Security Updates.

What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.

There are two known issues in this build, including one in which devices that have certain Citrix components installed might be unable to complete installation of the January 2025 Windows security update.

(Get more info about KB5053606.)

KB5052077 (OS Build 19045.5555) Preview

Release date: February 25, 2025

This build fixes several bugs, including one in which the OpenSSH (Open Secure Shell) service failed to start, preventing SSH connections.

There are two known issues in this build, including one in which certain Citrix components installed might be unable to complete installation of the January 2025 Windows security update. This issue was observed on devices with Citrix Session Recording Agent (SRA) version 2411.

(Get more info about KB5052077 Preview.)

KB5051974 (OS Builds 19044.5487 and 19045.5487)

Release date: February 11, 2025

The update has a wide variety of security updates. For details, see Microsoft’s Security Update Guide and February 2025 Security Updates.

What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.

There are three known issues in this build, including one in which devices that have certain Citrix components installed might be unable to complete installation of the January 2025 Windows security update.

(Get more info about KB5051974.)

KB5050081 (OS Build 19045.5440) Preview

Release date: January 28, 2025

This build includes the new version of the Outlook app. IT admins can learn how to manage the new version at the Microsoft Learn page “Control the installation and use of new Outlook.”

The build also fixes a variety of bugs, including one in which the Capture Service and Snipping Tool stopped responding when you pressed Windows logo key + Shift + S several times while Narrator was on.

There are two known issues in this build, including one in which the OpenSSH (Open Secure Shell) service fails to start, preventing SSH connections. In the other one, PCs that have certain Citrix components installed might be unable to complete installation of the January 2025 Windows security update.

(Get more info about KB5050081 Preview.)

KB5049981 (OS Builds 19044.5371 and 19045.5371)

Release date: January 14, 2025

The update has a wide variety of security updates. For details, see Microsoft’s Security Update Guide and January 2025 Security Updates.

What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.

There are two known issues in this build, including one in which devices that have certain Citrix components installed might be unable to complete installation of the January 2025 Windows security update.

(Get more info about KB5049981.)

KB5048652 (OS Builds 19044.5247 and 19045.5247)

Release date: December 10, 2024

The update has a wide variety of security updates. For details, see Microsoft’s Security Update Guide and December 2024 Security Updates.

What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.

(Get more info about KB5048652.)

KB5046714 (OS Build 19045.5198) Preview

Release date: November 21, 2024

This build fixes a variety of bugs, including one in which Win32 shortcuts did not back up to the cloud. 

(Get more info about KB5046714 Preview.)

KB5046613 (OS Builds 19044.5131 and 19045.5131)

Release date: November 12, 2024

This update fixes a bug in which some games did not start or stopped responding after you installed KB5044384. This occurred because some games use a third-party DRM component that are not compatible with that update. This update makes changes to support those games while the game developers address the DRM issue.

The update also has a wide variety of security updates. For details, see Microsoft’s Security Update Guide and November 2024 Security Updates.

What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.

(Get more info about KB5046613.)

KB5045594 (OS Build 19045.5073) Preview

Release date: October 22, 2024

This build starts the rollout of the new account manager on the Start menu that makes it easy to view your account and access account settings. To change to a different user, select the ellipsis (…) next to “Sign out.” Not everyone will see this change yet, because it’s rolling out gradually.

The build also fixes a variety of bugs, including one in which a vmswitch triggers a stop error. This occurs when you use Load Balancing and Failover (LBFO) teaming with two virtual switches on a virtual machine (VM). In this case, one virtual switch uses single root Input/Output virtualization (SR-IOV).

(Get more info about KB5045594 Preview.)

KB5044273 (OS Builds 19044.5011 and 19045.5011)

Release date: October 8, 2024

This update has a wide variety of security updates. For details, see Microsoft’s Security Update Guide and October 2024 Security Updates.

What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.

(Get more info about KB5044273.)

KB5043131 (OS Build 19045.4957) Preview

Release date: September 24, 2024

This build fixes several bugs, including one in which playback of some media might have stopped when you use certain surround sound technology, and another in which Windows server stopped responding when you used apps like File Explorer and the taskbar.

There is one known issue in this update, in which you might be unable to change your user account profile picture.

(Get more info about Windows 10 22H2 KB5043131 Preview).

KB5043064 (OS Builds 19044.4894 and 19045.4894)

Release date: September 10, 2024

This update has a wide variety of security updates. For details, see Microsoft’s Security Update Guide and September 2024 Security Updates.

What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.

(Get more info about KB5043064.)

KB5041582 (OS Build 19045.4842) Preview

Release date: August 29, 2024

This build fixes several bugs, including one in which when a combo box had input focus, a memory leak could occur when you closed that window.

There is one known issue in this update, in which you might be unable to change your user account profile picture.

(Get more info about KB5041582 Preview.)

KB5041580 (OS Builds 19044.4780 and 19045.4780)

Release date: August 13, 2024

This release has a wide variety of security updates. For details, see Microsoft’s Security Update Guide and August 2024 Security Updates.

What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.

(Get more info about KB5041580.)

KB5040525 (OS Build 19045.4717) Preview

Release date: July 23, 2024

This build fixes a variety of bugs, including one in which the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) send code caused systems to stop responding during routine tasks, such as file transfers. This issue led to an extended send loop.

There is one known issue in this update, in which you might be unable to change your user account profile picture.

(Get more info about KB5040525 Preview.)

KB5040427 (OS Builds 19044.4651 and 19045.4651)

Release date: July 9, 2024

This update has a wide variety of security updates. For details, see Microsoft’s Security Update Guide and July 2024 Security Updates.

What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.

There are two known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to change your user account profile picture.

(Get more info about KB5040427.)

Windows 10 2022 Update (version 22H2)

Release date: October 18, 2022

The Windows 10 2022 Update is, in Microsoft’s words, “a scoped release focused on quality improvements to the overall Windows experience in existing feature areas such as quality, productivity and security.” In other words, there’s not much new here, although Computerworld blogger Susan Bradley did uncover a handful of new group policies in the release.

Home and Pro editions of the 2022 Update will receive 18 months of servicing, and Enterprise and Education editions will have 30 months of servicing.

To install the update, go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update and select Check for updates. If the update appears, select Download to install it.

(Get more info about the Windows 10 2022 Update.)

Windows 10 November 2021 Update (version 21H2)

Release date: November 16, 2021

Version 21H2, called the Windows 10 November 2021 Update, is the second feature update to Windows 10 released in 2021. Here’s a quick summary of what’s new:

• Wi-Fi security has been enhanced with WPA3 H2E standards support.
• GPU compute support has been added in the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) and Azure IoT Edge for Linux on Windows (EFLOW) deployments for machine learning and other compute-intensive workflows.

There are also a number of features designed for IT and business:

• Windows Hello for Business has a new deployment method called cloud trust that simplifies passwordless deployments.
• For increased security, there have been changes to the Universal Windows Platform (UWP) VPN APIs, which includes the ability to implement common web-based authentication schemes and to reuse existing protocols.
• Apps can now be provisioned from Azure Virtual Desktop. This allows those apps to run just like local apps, including the ability to copy and paste between remote and local apps.
• The release closes the gap between Group Policy and mobile device management (MDM) settings. The device configuration settings catalog has been updated to list more than 1,400 settings previously not available for configuration via MDM. The new MDM policies include administrative template (ADMX) policies, such as App Compat, Event Forwarding, Servicing, and Task Scheduler.
• An upgrade to Windows 10 Enterprise includes Universal Print, which now supports print jobs of up to 1GB or a series of print jobs from an individual user that add up to 1GB within any 15-minute period.
• Universal Print integrates with OneDrive for web and Excel for web. This allows users of any browser or device connected to the internet to print documents hosted in OneDrive for web to a printer in their organization without installing printer drivers on their devices.

Microsoft has also announced that starting with this release, Windows 10 will get feature updates only once a year.

Windows 10 May 2021 Update (version 21H1)

Release date: May 18, 2021

Version 21H1, called the Windows 10 May 2021 Update, is the most recent update to Windows 10. This is a relatively minor update, but it does have a few new features.

Here’s a quick summary of what’s new in 21H1:

• Windows Hello multicamera support: If you have an external Windows Hello camera for your PC, you can set the external camera as your default camera. (Windows Hello is used for signing into PCs.) Why should this change matter to you? If you have an external camera, you probably bought it because it’s superior to the built-in, internal one on your computer. So with this change, you’ll be able to use the more accurate camera for logging into your PC.
• Improved Windows Defender Application Guard performance: Windows Defender Application Guard lets administrators configure applications to run in an isolated, virtualized container for improved security. With this change, documents will open more quickly. It can currently take up to a minute to open an Office document in it.
• Better Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Group Policy Service support: Microsoft has made it easier for administrators to change settings to support remote work.

Windows 10 October 2020 Update (version 20H2)

Release date: October 20, 2020

Version 20H2, called the Windows 10 October 2020 Update, is the most recent update to Windows 10. This is a relatively minor update but does have a few new features.

Here’s a quick summary of what’s new in 20H2:

• The new Chromium-based version of the Microsoft Edge browser is now built directly into Windows 10.
• The System page of Control Panel has been removed. Those settings have been moved to the Settings app.
• The Start menu’s tiled background will match your choice of Windows themes. So the tiled background will be light if you’re using the Windows 10 light theme and dark if you’re using the Windows 10 dark theme.
• When you use Alt-Tab, Edge will now display each tab in your browser in a different Alt-Tab window. Previously, when you used Alt-Tab, Edge would get only a single window. You can change this new behavior by going to Settings > System > Multitasking.
• When you pin a site to the taskbar in Edge, you can click or mouse over its icon to see all your browser tabs that are open for that website.
• When you detach a keyboard on a 2-in-1 device, the device will automatically switch to the tablet-based interface. Previously, you were asked whether you wanted to switch. You can change that setting by going to Settings > System > Tablet.
• The Your Phone app gets a variety of new features for some Samsung devices. When using one of the devices, you can interact with the Android apps on your phone from the Your Phone app on Windows 10.

What IT needs to know: Windows 10 version 20H2 also has a variety of small changes of note for sysadmins and those in IT.

• IT professionals who administer multiple mobile devices get a new Modern Device Management (MDM) “Local Users and Groups” settings policy that mirrors options available for devices that are managed through Group Policy.
• Windows Autopilot, used to set up and configure devices in enterprises, has gained a variety of small enhancement, including better deployment of HoloLens devices, the addition of co-management policies, enhancements to Autopilot deployment reporting, and the ability to reuse Configuration Manager task sequences to configure devices.
• Microsoft Defender Application Guard now supports Office. This allows untrusted Office documents from outside an enterprise to launch in an isolated container to stop potentially malicious content from compromising computers or exploiting personal information found on them.
• Latest Cumulative Updates (LCUs) and Servicing Stack Updates (SSUs) have been combined into a single cumulative monthly update, available via Microsoft Catalog or Windows Server Update Services.
• Biometric sign-on has been made more secure. Windows Hello now has support for virtualization-based security for certain fingerprint and face sensors, which protects, isolates, and secures a user’s biometric authentication data.

For more details, see Microsoft’s “What’s new for IT pros in Windows 10, version 20H2.”

Windows 10 May 2020 Update (version 2004)

Release date: May 27, 2020

Version 2004, called the Windows 10 May 2020 Update, is the most recent update to Windows 10. This is a relatively minor update but does have a variety of new features for both users and system administrators. For more details, see: “Review: Windows 10 May 2020 Update delivers little tweaks that add up to… well, not a lot.”

Here’s a quick summary of what’s new in 2004:

• Cortana now runs as a standalone app in a resizable window. It also loses a variety of capabilities, such as playing music, controlling home devices, and working on the lock screen.
• Task Manager now displays new information, including the temperature of your GPU and your disk type.
• Settings gets many small tweaks, including adding a header with account information, and a redone network status page that combines information that used to be found on multiple pages, such as your IP address, current connection properties and data usage.
• The Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) gets more features. It now uses a real Linux kernel, and is faster than previously.
• IT can now take advantage of Windows Hello biometrics logins rather than passwords, by setting that up as the default on enterprise devices.
• Installing and setting up Windows for others has been made easier thanks to new controls added to Dynamic Update, which can lead to less downtime during installation for users.
• A variety of new commands have been given to PowerShell for Delivery Optimization, a Windows networking service that reduces bandwidth consumption by sharing the work of downloading update and upgrade packages among multiple devices in business deployments.
• The security of the Chromium version of Edge has been improved, thanks to porting Application Guard to it.

Windows 10 November 2019 Update (version 1909)

Release date: Nov. 12, 2019

Version 1909, called the Windows 10 November 2019 Update, is the most recent update to Windows 10. There are very few new features in this update, making it more like a service pack of old than a feature update. At this point it’s not clear whether in the future there will be one full-featured update and one service-pack-like update per year or whether Microsoft will go back to its two-feature-updates-a-year schedule. For more details, see “What we know so far about the unusual Windows 10 1909” and “5 unanswered questions about Windows 10 1909.”

Here’s a quick summary of what’s new for users in 1909.

• It lets you create calendar events straight from the taskbar. To do it, click the time on the taskbar and you’ll open the Calendar view. Now click a date and time, then type the event’s name into the text box. You’ll also be able to choose the date, time and location.
• When you type a search into the search box, it will now search through files in your OneDrive account as well as on your PC. Also, as you type, a drop-down menu with suggested files appears. Click a file to open it.
• Voice assistants in addition to Cortana, including Amazon’s Alexa, will be able to run on Windows 10’s lock screen.
• Under-the-hood improvements should speed up the performance of some PCs, as well as increase the battery life in some laptops.
• The Start Menu has gotten minor tweaks. When you hover over items in the navigation pane on the left side of the menu, the items clearly show what you’re about to click.

What IT needs to know: The following features in 1909 are of note for IT staff.

• Windows containers no longer need to have their host and container versions match. That requirement restricted Windows from supporting mixed-version container pod scenarios. Previously, containers from older versions of Windows 10 couldn’t be run on newer versions of Windows 10. In this update, it’s possible, so that a container made using 1903, for example, can be run on 1909.
• Windows Defender Credential Guard, which protects enterprise users’ logins and credentials against theft, is now available for ARM64 devices. Some Windows 10 convertible PCs use ARM64.
• Enterprises can now use Microsoft’s Intune enterprise mobility management (EMM) service to allow devices running Windows 10 in S mode to install and run Win32 (desktop) apps. Before this, S Mode only allowed devices to run apps from the Microsoft Store. Microsoft Store apps don’t run on the desktop.
• The security of BitLocker encryption has been improved. Whenever BitLocker is used to encrypt a device, a recovery key is created, but before this security improvement, it was possible for an unauthorized user to get access to the recovery key and decrypt the device. Now, PCs have additional security if a key is exposed. Here’s how Microsoft explains the change: “Key-rolling or Key-rotation feature enables secure rolling of Recovery passwords on MDM managed AAD devices upon on demand request from Microsoft Intune/MDM tools or upon every time recovery password is used to unlock the BitLocker protected drive.”

There are two known issues in this update: one in which some users cannot set Win32 program defaults for certain app and file type combinations using the Open with… command or Settings > Apps > Default apps, and another in which Microsoft Notepad and other Win32 programs cannot be set as default applications.

(Get more info about KB4464455.)

Windows 10 October 2018 Update (version 1809)

Release date: October 2, 2018; paused October 5; re-released November 13, 2018

Version 1809, called the Windows 10 October 2018 Update, is the feature update that preceded the May 2019 Update. Here’s a quick summary of what’s new for users in it. (For more details, see our full review.)

• A new, powered-up Windows Clipboard can hold multiple clips, store clips permanently, let you preview clips and choose which one you’d like to paste into a document, and share clips across Windows 10 devices.
• A new screenshot and annotation tool called Snip & Sketch lets you capture and annotate the entire screen, a rectangular portion of the screen or a freehand-drawn portion of it. After you take a screen capture, you can annotate it and then save it to a file, copy it to the Clipboard, open it in another program or share it via email, social media and other methods.
• Storage Sense, which helps save storage space, now works with OneDrive Files On-Demand to clean out files you’ve downloaded from OneDrive cloud storage to your PC but that you don’t use any longer. You can choose how long you would like the cloud files to stay on your PC unused before you want them deleted, from never to 60 days.
• The Microsoft Edge browser lets you set autoplay permissions for sound and video on websites on a site-by-site basis. It also lets you look up word definitions in its built-in eReader for books and PDFs, and mark up PDFs and books using a highlighter and by adding notes.
• The new Your Phone app links Windows 10 devices to iOS and Android phones. It allows you to start web browsing on an iOS or Android device and then continue where you left off on your PC. It also lets you view photos on your Android phone from your Windows 10 PC.
• Search Previews have been powered up slightly. You no longer need to click to display the preview panel; it opens automatically. It also now shows files found on your PC.
• Smaller changes include a new dark theme for File Explorer; the addition of the SwiftKey swipe keyboard, which lets you enter text by swiping a finger across an onscreen keyboard; updates that are less intrusive; and faster sign-ins on shared PCs.

What IT needs to know: There are few significant changes that affect IT in the Windows 10 October 2018 Update, other than New Microsoft Edge Group Policies that let admins enable and disable full-screen mode, printing, the favorites bar, and browser history saves. IT can also allow or ban Edge extensions (not that there are many available) and configure the Home button and new tab page and startup options.

Windows 10 April 2018 Update (version 1803)

Release date: April 30, 2018

Version 1803, called the Windows 10 April 2018 Update, is the major update to Windows 10 that preceded the October 2018 Update. Here’s a quick summary of what’s new for users in it. (For more details, see our full review.)

• The most important new feature is Timeline, which lets you review and resume activities and open files you’ve started on your PC, or any other Windows PCs you have. It also tracks what you’ve done on iOS and Android devices if you install Microsoft’s digital assistant Cortana on them and are logged in. It shows a list of activities day by day for up to 30 days. Each activity shows up as a large tile, with the file name and document title or URL and website name across it, and the name of the application or app that created it across the top. Click any activity to reopen it. (Note that at present, Timeline only tracks activities in certain Microsoft programs such as the Edge browser and Office applications.)
• The new Diagnostic Data Viewer is supported, which Microsoft is designed to let you see the “diagnostic data collected from your Windows devices, how it is used, and to provide you with increased control over that data.” However, the information is presented in such a complex, technical way that even programmers will likely have a difficult time understanding it. The viewer isn’t built directly into the Windows 10 April 2018 Update. Instead, you have to download it from the Microsoft Store.
• The My People feature now lets you pin up to 10 contacts on the Windows taskbar. Previously, you could only pin up to three.
• Microsoft Edge gets several minor tweaks, including a revamped Hub, the ability to mute auto-playing audio in tabs, and a forms-filler for web-based forms.
• The Notebook feature of Cortana gets a new, cleaner interface for its Notebook. It now has two tabs, Organizer and Manage Skills. The Organizer makes it easier to create lists and set reminders. The Manage Skills tab lets you add “skills” to Cortana, such as controlling your home and its appliances, connecting Cortana to music services such as Spotify, tracking your fitness and more.
• You get more control over app permissions, such as whether they can access your camera, location and contacts.

What IT needs to know: IT staff should be aware of these features that are new in the Windows 10 April 2018 Update:

• Windows 10 Professional now gets the Windows Defender Application Guard, which protects Microsoft Edge. There’s also a new feature in the application guard that lets users download files inside Edge instead of directly to the operating system, as a way to increase security.
• There are new policies for Group Policy and Mobile Device Management (MDM) that can better control how Delivery Optimization is used for Windows Update and Windows Store app updates. You can also now monitor Delivery Optimization using Windows Analytics.
• Windows AutoPilot also gets a tweak that lets IT make sure policies, settings and apps are provisioned on devices before users begin using them.
• Windows gets the Linux curl and tar utilities for downloading files and extracting .tar archives built directly into Windows. Windows also now natively supports Unix sockets (AF_UNIX) with a new afunix.sys kernel driver. That will make it easier to port software to Windows from Linux as well as from other Unix-like operating systems.
• There are a host of improvements to the Windows Subsystem for Linux, which lets you run a variety of Linux distributions on Windows 10. Linux applications can run in the background, some launch settings for Linux distributions can be customized, and Linux applications have been given access to serial devices. The new Unix sockets report is available for the Windows Subsystem for Linux as well as Windows itself.
• The Windows 10 Pro for Workstations version of Windows 10 gets a new power scheme called Ultimate Performance it’s only for desktop PCs, not those that can be powered by batteries. In addition, Windows 10 Pro for Workstations no longer ships with games like Candy Crush or other similar consumer-focused apps. Instead, it features enterprise- and business-related apps.
• Administrators have been given the power to configure an enterprise’s PCs to run custom scripts during feature updates, which will make configuration and deployment easier.

For  more details, see the Microsoft blog post “Making IT simpler with a modern workplace.”

Windows 10 Fall Creators Update (version 1709)

Release date: October 17, 2017

Version 1709, called the Windows 10 Fall Creators Update, is the major update to Windows 10 that preceded the April 2018 Update. Here’s a quick summary of what’s new for users in it. (For more details, see our full review.)

• OneDrive gets a new feature called Files On-Demand that gives you access to all of your OneDrive files on every device, without having to download them first. You’ll be able to see all the files you have in OneDrive, even if they’re only in the cloud and not on your PC. Icons tell you which are local and which are in the cloud. Just open the file, and if it’s not on your PC, it gets downloaded.
• The new My People feature lets you pin three contacts to the Windows taskbar and then communicate with them instantly without having to open a separate app such as Skype or Mail. You can also click to see a list of all communications between them and you at a glance.
• You can now send web links from your iOS or Android device to your PC and have them open in Microsoft Edge.
• Cortana gets several new features, including displaying results in a scrollable flyout panel, so you don’t have to launch a web browser.
• Microsoft Edge gets some minor improvements, including better Favorites handling and the ability to mark up PDFs and e-books.
• Security has been beefed up, including the addition of Windows Defender Exploit Guard, which includes intrusion rules and policies to protect against a variety of threats, notably zero-day exploits. A new anti-ransomware feature called Controlled Folder Access has also been added; it lets only approved apps have access to Windows system files and folders.
• New privacy features include the ability to review the kinds of devices and services apps from the Microsoft Store want access to before you download them.
• The update incorporates Microsoft’s new design system and guidelines, called Fluent Design. Overall, transitions are smoother, and there are subtle changes to the transparency effect.

What IT needs to know: IT staff should be aware of these features that are new in the Windows 10 Fall Creators Update:

• The notoriously insecure SMBv1 networking protocol, exploited in recent ransomware attacks including WannaCry and Petya, won’t be included on clean installs of the Windows 10 Fall Creators Update, but SMBv1 components will remain if you do in-place upgrades on PCs that already have the component installed.
• Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection (ATP), a suite of tools introduced in Windows 10 that helps enterprise customers protect their users and networks against threats and respond to attacks, is being beefed up. Among other things, it will run on the Windows Server OS.
• ATP is also part of Windows Defender Application Guard for Microsoft Edge, available only for Windows 10 Enterprise Edition. It protects against malware attacks by confining visits to unknown or untrusted websites to a virtual machine, so that attacks can’t spread to a PC or the network.
• Windows AutoPilot, which improves self-service deployments of Windows 10 PCs, gets a variety of tweaks, including better mobile device management (MDM) services.
• Windows Analytics’ new Device Health tool gathers information on how PCs perform in an enterprise, and based on that, identifies potential issues and outlines steps to resolve them.
• Enterprises get more control over what kind of information Windows Analytics gathers for the IT staff. In order to improve users’ privacy, IT staff can limit the information collected by Windows Analytics to only diagnostic data.

For more details about new features for IT, see “What’s new in Windows 10, version 1709 IT Pro content,”  “Announcing end-to-end security features in Windows 10” and “Delivering the Modern IT promise with Windows 10” from Microsoft.

Windows 10 Creators Update (version 1703)

Release date: April 5, 2017

Version 1703, dubbed the Creators Update, is the major update to Windows 10 that preceded the Fall Creators Update. Here’s a quick summary of what’s new for users in the Creators Update. (For more details, see our full review.)

• It helps you better organize the Start menu by letting you put multiple tiles for apps into a single folder — for example, you can group all social media apps into one folder.
• Users are given a bit more control over the update process: They can delay an update for three days and keep delaying it in three-day increments, or choose specific times for updates to install.
• The Edge browser has gotten some improvements, including having Flash disabled by default for security reasons and supporting the ePub and PDF formats for reading books and other content.
• Microsoft added some 3D and virtual reality features, including running HoloLens virtual reality and mixed reality apps for the first time, and introducing a Paint 3D app for creating 3D objects.
• System settings that previously were in multiple locations have been consolidated into the Settings app.
• There’s a new all-in-one security dashboard called Windows Defender Security Center that consolidates many security and computer health settings and information.
• New gaming features include streaming gaming sessions over the internet; a Game Mode to improve gaming performance; and a Game bar to let you record your gameplay, take screenshots and perform games-related tasks.
• The Cortana personal assistant gets a few modest additions, including scheduling monthly reminders and helping you set up devices.

What IT needs to know: IT staff should be aware of these features that are new in the Windows 10 Creators Update:

• Security has been improved in a number of ways, including adding new features and insights into Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) to better investigate and respond to network threats. Among the new features are sensors in memory, better intelligence and improved remediation capabilities.
• Several new configuration service providers (CSPs) available in the Creators Update let administrators manage Windows 10 devices through Mobile Device Management (MDM) or provisioning packages. The DynamicManagement CSP, for instance, can enable or disable certain device features depending on location, network presence or time.
• New mobile application management capabilities can protect data on personal mobile devices without requiring each device to be part of the corporate MDM.
• The Windows Configuration Designer (previously called Windows Imaging and Configuration Designer) includes new wizards to make it easier to create provisioning packages, including for desktop devices, Windows mobile devices, Surface Hub devices, HoloLens devices and kiosk devices.
• Enterprise security administrators get a more comprehensive documentation library for Windows Defender Antivirus.
• If an enterprise-wide update policy hasn’t been configured, users with Windows Pro, Windows Enterprise or Windows Education editions have much more control over how Windows updates. With the Creators Update, users can now automatically delay cumulative monthly updates for up to 30 days, and can delay feature updates by up to 365 days.

For more details about new features for IT, see the Microsoft blog posts “Windows 10 Creators Update advances security and best-in-class modern IT tools” and “What’s new in Windows 10, version 1703 IT pro content.”

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Chinese social media platform RedNote has released its first open-source large language model, dubbed “dots.llm1,” joining a growing wave of Chinese technology companies pursuing open-source AI strategies that challenge Western proprietary models.

The model, developed by RedNote’s internal Humane Intelligence Lab, activates 14 billion parameters out of a total of 142 billion when responding to queries — an architecture designed to balance performance with cost-efficiency.

The company achieved performance comparable to Alibaba’s Qwen2.5-72B after pretraining on 11.2 trillion high-quality tokens without synthetic data, according to the model’s description on Hugging Face.

RedNote, known domestically as Xiaohongshu, operates one of China’s most influential social commerce platforms with over 300 million monthly active users.

A strategic divergence, not just technology

While OpenAI and Google keep their best AI models locked away, Chinese tech companies are taking the opposite approach — giving away their technology for free. But this isn’t just about different business models, according to industry experts.

“Chinese firms like RedNote are deploying open-source LLMs not just as models but as instruments of ecosystem control and geopolitical leverage. Meanwhile, Western firms such as OpenAI and Google remain committed to proprietary architectures,” said Sanchit Vir Gogia, chief analyst and CEO at Greyhound Research. “This is no longer a tactical split in model licensing — it’s a structural divergence in trust frameworks, one that will define the next generation of enterprise AI procurement.”

The split goes deeper than technology choices. “Western AI leaders are optimizing for shareholder return, compliance insulation, and platform lock-in through closed API-delivered models. In contrast, Chinese vendors like RedNote and DeepSeek are aggressively open-sourcing to expand national influence, cultivate developer mindshare, and drive localization-led adoption,” Gogia explained.

Performance vs. purpose

So, how does RedNote’s AI stack up? According to another detailed document on Github, dots.llm1 scored 56.7 on C-SimpleQA, a test of Chinese language skills — not quite as high as DeepSeek-V3’s 68.9, but respectable for a newcomer.

However, some analysts question whether RedNote is playing to its strengths. “Rednote, which has pioneered content-driven commerce, is well-positioned to build a large model based on the ton of data its ecosystem generates,” said Neil Shah, VP for research and partner at Counterpoint Research. “However, in this race of LLMs, Rednote would be better off building a more targeted model to drive AI-driven commerce sitting on a gold mine of data around users’ likes, dislikes, purchase behaviours, etc.”

The economics of free AI

The model uses a “mixture of experts” design that activates only the parts it needs for each task, making it cheaper to run than traditional models. But the economics go beyond technical efficiency.

“RedNote’s dots.LLM1 is less a revenue product and more a market accelerant,” Gogia explained. “The open-source model isn’t a broken business plan — it’s a strategic play to become foundational infrastructure across sovereign cloud ecosystems and public developer communities. The long game is not monetization through licensing but platform entrenchment through adoption.”

This approach is enabled by structural advantages. “Chinese firms benefit from central government subsidies, national procurement incentives, and policy exemptions that support loss-leader behavior in the short term. What might be financially unsustainable in the West becomes strategically viable in China due to alignment with state AI priorities,” Gogia said.

For Chinese vendors, open-source LLMs serve as soft power tools, exporting not only code but also embedded ideologies and governance frameworks into markets across Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

From social media to a global AI player

RedNote’s AI ambitions go beyond just releasing models. The company has already put AI to work on its main platform with Diandian, a search tool that helps users find content among the platform’s vast trove of lifestyle posts. With nearly 600 million daily searches—about half of what Google rival Baidu handles—RedNote has a real testing ground for its AI.

The timing isn’t coincidental. RedNote grabbed international headlines earlier this year when more than three million Americans joined the platform during TikTok uncertainty, giving the company a taste of global reach. Last week, it opened its first office outside mainland China in Hong Kong.

The trust challenge

For enterprises considering these open-source alternatives, the calculation isn’t straightforward.

“The core trade-off for enterprise buyers is no longer just cost versus performance — it is transparency versus control,” Gogia noted. “Controlled open LLMs provide a bridge across this chasm, giving CIOs and CISOs the ability to audit, customize, and self-host AI models without being beholden to proprietary ecosystems. However, the burden of governance shifts inward — enterprises must build their own trust scaffolding to make openness production-grade.”

The geopolitical dimension adds another layer of complexity. “Chinese open-weight models like dots.llm1 may be technically transparent—but in the eyes of global enterprises, transparency is no substitute for trust. Especially in regulated industries — banking, healthcare, and defense — geopolitical risk is now baked into AI architecture decisions,” Gogia warned.

What this means for business

The rise of capable, free AI models from Chinese companies is forcing a rethink of enterprise AI strategy. Companies that once assumed they’d need to pay premium prices for cutting-edge AI now have alternatives that might work just as well for many tasks, but with new considerations around governance, geopolitics, and long-term strategy.

RedNote’s entry into open-source AI represents more than technological competition — it’s part of a fundamental shift in how AI power will be distributed globally. While these models offer compelling technical capabilities at attractive price points, enterprises must weigh transparency benefits against new governance challenges and geopolitical considerations.

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While the new user interface design Apple execs highlighted at this year’s Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) might have been a bit of an eye-candy distraction, enterprise users were not forgotten, with announcements unveiled that could make a difference in the business world.

Apple’s WWDC keynote speech was far from the disappointment many had anticipated, given the number of changes announced. In addition to that new user interface, which will show up across all Apple products and is called Liquid Glass (we’ll look at it in more depth elsewhere), there were also APIs designed to help developers work AI into their software. The last is a nod to the company’s slow efforts to make Apple Intelligence the showcase tech promised at last year’s WWDC.

But for now I’m focused on just some of the changes Apple introduced that should have the most impact on enterprise users. Many, but not all, of these changes will be similar across all Apple’s devices, whether that’s macOS, iOS iPadOS, or others.

What’s a computer? The iPad

For me, the big news concerns the iPad, which gains noteworthy improvements that will transform its use. Not only can you open multiple app windows at once, but Apple has done this with a clever and versatile windowing system that even supports windows resizing, pervasive position memory and more. (You can even see all your currently open windows in Expose.)

These multitasking and windowing improvements should make it much easier to engage in professional work on an iPad and are the kind of improvements people have wanted for years. Changes on the iPad extend to the Files app, too, which gets important updates that will make it particularly useful.

Files for the rest of us

All Apple users, not just iPad owners, should see benefits from changes coming to Files. For iPad users, they make it easier to find and work with the files you need, and to add additional sorting options in the Files window; but Files is an app, which implies that at least some of those improvements will be available across other Apple devices. Pro users will likely also appreciate the new ability to customize folders with symbols, emoji, and colors.

The transformation of automation

Apple rolled out improvements in Shortcuts, including the capacity to create them and the ability to use Spotlight to identify and invoke them. And since the Shortcuts you do create can sync across all your devices, users will be able to build powerful productivity shortcuts on one device and use them on another, where they’re supported. This integration is, of course, also reflected by the Liquid Glass UI, which should create a real sense of familiarity as you move from Mac to tablet to iPhone.

Spotlight is evolving

Apple also announced big changes in Spotlight search on the Mac, including intelligent actions built around Shortcuts and Apple Intelligence, as well as Spotlight actions and quick keys; the latter automatically surface actions you might want to take with a Spotlight-selected item and commit those actions from within the search. This is powerful — you can find an item, change and save it, and share it, all from within Spotlight. The software can also learn from what you do, offering personalized actions for what you might want to do. 

“During a search, all results — including files, folders, events, apps, messages, and more — are now listed together and ranked intelligently based on relevance to the user,” Apple said. N”ew filtering options rapidly narrow searches to exactly what a user is looking for, like PDFs or Mail messages. Spotlight can also surface results for documents stored on third-party cloud drives. And when a user doesn’t know exactly what they’re searching for, Spotlight’s new browse views make it easy to scan through their apps, files, clipboard history, and more.”

You can also take hundreds of actions from directly inside Spotlight, such as sending an email or writing a note. While many of these features are being promoted as for the Mac, Spotlight operates across Apple’s platforms, so it will be interesting to see where else these features might show up as beta testing begins and future support rolls out.

App Intents

That brings me to App Intents. App Intents have been around for a while, but the framework will now let developers make actions in their apps in available across the system via Shortcuts or Spotlight. If nothing else this, should make work itself easier to get on with, and as those improvements percolate across Apple’s ecosystem, the hardest task will probably become simply remembering what actions you are able to take.

App Intents also gain support for visual intelligence, which means apps will be able to provide and make use of visual search results.

Etsy CTO Rafe Colburn explained what this means in a statement provided by Apple: “The ability to meet shoppers right on their iPhone with visual intelligence is a meaningful unlock and makes it easier than ever for buyers to quickly discover exactly what they’re looking for while directly supporting small businesses,” he said.

Vision Pro

Enterprises are already using Vision Pro devices, and Apple talked up the spatial computing headset during its WWDC keynote. Given the cost of these devices ($3,499), it is a welcome change that it’s now much easier to share them in workgroups; each user can save their own vision OS profile to their iPhone and then set the vision device up to suit. Apple also unveiled a new Vision Pro tool that lets you save a piece of content as Protected Content. (There are new APIs app developers can use for this, too.) The intention here is to ensure content shared on a Vision Pro doesn’t get shared outside your business.

There’s also support for a new Vision Pro peripheral, one that doesn’t come from Apple. Logitech Muse is a new pen/control device for spatial reality that lets you tweak and draw when working on projects with others. Look to Scroll allows users to explore apps and websites using just their eyes, and users can customize the scroll speed to their liking. Not surprisingly, developers will be able to integrate Look to Scroll into their visionOS apps.

Apple Intelligence was everywhere

Reading between the lines, you can see that artificial intelligence is actually everywhere in this year’s WWDC announcements. One of the biggest announcements does hint at the contextual intelligence Apple has previously told us about: Visual Intelligence now understands what is on screen, lets you ask questions about what you are looking at, and allows you to search for specific items or add events to your calendar. Apple has, of course, made it possible for developers to build support for this feature within their apps. 

“Last year, we took the first steps on a journey to bring users intelligence that’s helpful, relevant, easy to use, and right where users need it, all while protecting their privacy. Now, the models that power Apple Intelligence are becoming more capable and efficient, and we’re integrating features in even more places across each of our operating systems,” said Craig Federighi, Apple’s senior vice president of software engineering.

What this means: developers can now use Apple Intelligence APIs to build its tools within their apps, thanks to the Foundation Models Framework.

Developers can also look forward to Xcode 26, which can connect large language models (LLMs) directly into their coding experience, thanks to built-in support for ChatGPT. (Developers can also use API keys from other providers or run local models to support Xcode.)

Apple Intelligence features will be coming to eight more languages by the end of the year: Danish, Dutch, Norwegian, Portuguese (Portugal), Swedish, Turkish, Chinese (traditional), and Vietnamese. 

Live Translation

Live Translation is profound. It’s built into Messages, FaceTime, and iPhone and runs entirely on device. In use, it can automatically translate messages between languages, offer translated live captions on FaceTime calls, or speak the translation aloud during a conversation while on a phone call. It’s a fantastic feature I can’t wait to try and I expect to see it used in very interesting ways. 

Apple also did confirm a new system to help promote accessibility in apps. Accessibility Nutrition Labels for App Store product pages will let developers tell customers what accessibility features their apps support.

Summing up, even if this is a lean year for flashy announcements, the size of Apple’s ecosystem is now so vast the company is still capable of introducing changes that will delight customers, while also helping them get things done.

Apple rolled out the first betas of the new operating systems on Monday, with public betas following over the next few weeks. So you will be able to see for yourself which improvements make the most difference to you. Follow me through one of the networks below to learn more about these changes as I explore them.

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Sluggish sales of Apple’s Vision Pro mixed reality headset haven’t dampened the company’s enthusiasm for advancing the device’s 3D computing experience, which now incorporates AI to deliver richer context and experiences.

Apple has upgraded the newly renamed visionOS 26 operating system to improve usability, blending AI into the background to enhance images and user interaction, Apple executives said at the company’s Worldwide Developer Conference on Monday.

Apple calls Vision Pro a “spatial computer” in which users can watch movies or interact with digital experiences in the real world using hands, eyes, and other senses.

A new feature called “spatial scenes” uses AI to give a 3D feel to traditional two-dimensional photos, which will be available in the Photos app. The AI model uses computational depth to add more perspectives to images, Haley Allen, senior director of visionOS program management, said during the presentation.

“Spatial scenes will make your web browsing experience more engaging, too,” Allen said.

In Safari, users will be able to select a feature called “spatial browsing” to view two-dimensional inline photos in supported articles in a three-dimensional format. Apple also introduced a curated app called “spatial gallery” to showcase curated spatial image content.

And the company is making major AI-driven changes to its Persona feature, which will now create more realistic avatars of users for the FaceTime video chat application. Previous avatars had lifelike renditions, but the updated Personas will be more personal and familiar, Allen said.

“Hair, lashes, complexion, all look remarkably accurate,” Allen said.

Apple also added many AI-driven improvements to apps such as Image Playground, which are supported across Apple devices. Apple has updated Image Playground to create more creative emojis by tapping into OpenAI’s ChatGPT AI application, which supports text and image creation.

The company also introduced a variety of non-AI features.

Vision Pro users will now be able to access widgets using their headset. The widgets will remain fixed within the visual field and will be clearly accessible at all times, Mike Rockwell, vice president of the Vision Products Group, said during a pre-recorded Apple video detailing the new features.

Widgets such as calendar and battery indicator are already popular in macOS. The company also introduced new widgets, such as a circular clock, music, real-time weather, and photos that can show snapshots of pictures from personal collections.

The widgets are blended into a user interface built around the new “liquid design” color scheme, which focuses on sharp colors and window edges.

Users can also now share Vision Pro experiences with others, which could help enterprises collaborate on three-dimensional engineering and design applications. Teams in hundreds of companies already use Vision Pro headsets for design, sales, training, and more, Rockwell said.

With that in mind, companies can also now create a pool of Vision Pro devices that can be shared among team members and guest users. Users can save their hand, eye, accessibility, and prescription information to their iPhone and activate a shared headset.

Apple also added new APIs such as “Protected Content,” which can show confidential materials to authorized users.

The company is also adding new input options such as the Logitech Muse, a pen-like device that can be used to draw within the 3D interface, and support for the Sony PlayStation VR2 Sense Controller; the latter can be worn on the hand to play motion-controlled video games within the headset.

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AI research organization Eleuther AI has launched a massive text database, Common Pile v0.1, that can be used to train AI systems, according to Techcrunch. The 8TB database consists exclusively of publicly licensed texts, or texts that are classified as public domain.

Common Pile v0.1 was developed over two years in collaboration with Poolside, Hugging Face, the US Library of Congress and the University of Toronto, among others.

The data collection was released after concerns arose about several generative AI (genAI) companies using copyrighted material to train their models without the permission of the copyright owners. Eleuther AI was also behind the collection, The Pile, which has become a central point in the debate; it now wants to show with Common Pile v0.1 that training is possible without copyrighted material.

Common Pile v.01 was reportedly used to train the Comma v0.1-1T and Comma v0.1-2T AI models; Eluther AI claims Comma v0.1-2T performs as well as Meta’s first Llama model in terms of programming, image understanding and math. Eluther AI plans is release more open data collections in the future.